Deficiencies
Food contains proteins, carbohydrates and fats. These in turn contain essential nutrients - vitamins, minerals and trace elements - essential for life and health.
The digestive system extracts these nutrients by producing DIGESTIVE ENZYMES which break down the proteins, carbohydrates and fats we eat into their simplest form so we can absorb them through the walls of the small intestine.
As the digestive system functions best when the body is in a calm state, acute or prolonged stress, rushing food and not chewing properly can inhibit digestive enzyme production which can lead to deficiencies in vitamins, minerals and trace elements.
A diet high in processed food which can be nutrient poor, smoking, alcohol, the contraceptive pill, medications and lack of sunlight can also result in poor absorption of nutrients.
Some vitamins and minerals are stored in the body, others we need daily. Many are necessary for the absorption of others. A well balanced diet is the best way to ensure that the body gets a plentiful supply of nutrients. However, there may be occasions when this is not possible, especially after illness, prolonged stress, poor appetite and poor diet. This is when supplementation of vitamins and minerals can be useful, but excessive doses ** can be harmful. It is important to discuss with a doctor, pharmacist or health practitioner if you are suffering from a medical condition, taking medication, planning a pregnancy or if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
THE FOLLOWNG ARE VITAMINS, MINERALS AND SOME TRACE ELEMENTS WITH A SUMMARY OF THEIR FUNCTIONS AND POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF DEFICIENCIES. For food sources of these vitamins go to www.health.gov.au click on 'healthy eating' then 'vitamins and minerals'
| FUNCTIONS | DEFICIENCIES |
| Vitamin A** | |
| Healthy skin Healthy mucous membranes Immunity |
Skin problems Respiratory infections Constipation |
| Vitamin B1 | |
| Appetite Positive mental outlook Healthy nerves |
Fatigue Feelings of doom Loss of appetite Constipation |
| Vitamin B2 | |
Hair, skin & nails |
Fatigue Insomnia Infections Itchy eyes Skin & nail problems Sore tongue |
| Vitamin B3** | |
Energy |
Fatigue Insomnia Weight loss Appetite loss |
| Vitamin B6** | |
Skin & hair |
Anaemia Fatigue Water retention Cracked lips |
| Vitamin B12 | |
Healthy nervous system |
Anxiety, tension Constipation Fatigue Sore tongue |
| Folic Acid | |
Growth & normal healing |
Eczema Fatigue Forgetfulness Irritability |
| Vitamin C** | |
Immunity |
Frequent colds Frequent infections Poor wound healing Colon disease Bleeding gums Red pimples on skin |
| Vitamin D** | |
Bone & teeth health |
Tooth decay Osteoporosis Muscle spasm |
| Vitamin E** | |
Skin healing |
Dry skin Poor healing Reproductive problems |
| Vitamin K** | |
Blood clotting |
Easy bruising Chronic diarrhoea |
| Calcium** (mineral) | |
Bone & teeth health |
Aching joints Tooth decay muscle cramps Tremors & palpitations Brittle nails Insomnia Eczema |
| Phosphorus (mineral) | |
Aids bone & teeth health, cells, energy release, |
Deficiency is rare |
| Magnesium** (mineral) | |
Muscle & nerve health |
Muscle cramps Muscle weakness Constipation Menstrual cramps & PMS Craving sweet foods |
| Potassium (mineral) | |
Healthy nervous system |
Dry skin Acne Constipation Depression Oedema |
| Sodium** (mineral) | |
Muscle contraction |
Muscle cramps Excessive fatigue Oedema |
| Iron** (mineral) | |
Red blood cells |
Anaemia Fatigue Nausea Lack of concentration Brittle nails & hair |
| Zinc** (trace element) | |
Wound healing |
Poor healing Male infertility Frequent infections Stretch marks Acne Skin rashes Irritability & depression |
| Copper (trace element) | |
Energy production |
Anaemia Oedema Loss of taste Respiratory infections |
| Iodine** (trace element) | |
Mental & physical development |
Chronic fatigue & apathy Dry skin |
| Selenium**(trace element) | |
Antioxidant |
Fatigue Frequent infections |
| Manganese (trace element) | |
Maintains blood sugar levels |
Fatigue Dermatitis Poor memory Muscle twitches Sore knees Poor balance |
| Chromium (trace elements) | |
Helps control appetite |
Craving sweet foods Dizziness after long periods without food Cold hands Excessive thirst Daytime drowsiness |